Domestic hayut cars on every corner - say, low price affects the perpetual repairs, quality and disgusting at all - car, we do not know how. But if you look into the past, this view will disappear instantly - in our country before the war have built such a powerful sports cars, which have been repeatedly raised by the various records and did not fall face in the dirt at international competitions. So that the hands of our automotive engineers need to grow from, and the cause of poor quality should be sought in other factors that are the subjects of which does not apply to our portal. The actual mention of the first official competition in the former Soviet Union noted even before the Soviet Republic. May 14, 1913 at the Volkhov highway near St. Petersburg, cars Benz, Opel, Mercedes, «Metallurzhik" and "Russo-Balt" (S24/58, copy number 9, the winner of the Monte Carlo Rally in 1912) competed on the development of maximum speed on the track length a mile away. According to the principle of competition can be called a drag racing - there is a metered short stretch of road, cars will start sharply and show their maximum capacity. The race was called the Grand Prix of St. Petersburg, and attended by specially invited guests, among them - the governor-general of St. Petersburg with his entourage, Dr. Vsevolzhsk, member car club of St. Petersburg and the editor and publisher of the magazine "Car", the winner of the Monte Carlo Rally 1912 , Andrey Nagel. Specifically for race cars have been finalized. For example, the RBVZ S24/58 (Russo-Baltic) was increased engine size, installed aluminum cylinder head, for better aerodynamics of the wings were removed, lights and other protruding parts. These improvements have helped increase the power S24/58 to 58 liters. with. and maximum speed - up to 120 km / h. True, the competition he gave first place to pilot Herner Benz, which has a top speed of 189.5 km / h, he covered the mile in 19 seconds. Then the development of sports cars to a halt because of World War I, and after it - the revolution and civil war. Break up more than 20 years, and only in 1936, Germany "podsobila" Soviet automobile, the authorities have encouraged the designers that make the cars racing shells, promise competitions. However, at the kitchen-sitting these words translated into a call to prepare for war - it's the perfect way to quickly prepare a military drivers and mechanics tanks. So arranged the race route length was 1 km, starts were off or on the move with maximum speed won the race. In 1937, at the end of September, near Kiev to Zhitomir highway was held the next race, the rivals which became four seriously prepared dregstera constructed based on GAZ-A. On the race driver Alexander Girel set a record, gaining speed 127.6 km / h. One year later, he was beaten the brainchild of St. Petersburg engineers GA Kleshchev and P. Trusov, made on the basis of an old car, write-off of taxis with mileage over 300,000 miles. The car was lowered by 90 mm frame relative to the wheel center, the master of self-produced gear final drive (ratio 3,4), found increased intake valves and increase the compression ratio to 5,1. In the motion of the car cited with two gasoline engines, was carried out direct-flow exhaust system (four short tubes) - are all allowed the pilot to reach a top speed of 143.2 km / h, so the record was broken in 1937. Mills also tried to contribute to the construction dregsterov - in 1938 at the Gorky automobile plant on the base model GAZ-M1 designers under the direction of E. Agitova collected GAZ-GL1, a body which had faired. Power of its engine made 65 hp. with. at 3200 rpm. and on the track running test Nikolaev machine overclocked to 147.84 km / h. Two years later, the GAZ-GL1 received a new six-cylinder engine GAZ-11 volume of 3485 cm3 and a power of 100 hp. with. (As an experiment) - with a top speed increased to 160 km / h. These results are impressive, as compared to current times in those years there was no special tires, tuning parts, sports engines - everything was done literally on the knee, with his hands. In 1939, the factory engineers have designed another dregster - VMS-101A-Sport, it was created on the basis of a limousine VMS-101A. At trial run with the sports car reached a top speed of 168 km / h (but was not counted because it was not recorded in official competitions). And in general, dregstery in those days had a different name - a record cars. Subsequent development postponed again because of the Great Patriotic War, as sports cars could not positively affect the outcome of the war, and the resources they needed - the country could not afford unnecessary expenses. When the war ended, the Soviet Union found a lot of "captured" foreign cars - for example, «Opel Cadet» became the basis for the development of models "Moskvich-400", and other machines quickly scattered by parts for the study of Soviet engineers. This gave new impetus to the resumption of work on sports cars, foreign cars hit the local technicians to its superiority, well thought out. First dregster collected after the war, was named "Star." In this machine the drag coefficient was reduced to a value of 0.138 with purging and refinement of models in 1:5 scale in a wind tunnel of TsAGI. Engine capacity of 30.5 liters. with. was taken from a sports motorcycle DKW-UL350 with a supercharger and water-cooled. And already in 1946, was placed first record - a pilot Alexander Peltzer drove the move kilometer with a maximum speed of 139.6 km / h. Record of this index was scored only because sports cars are now divided into classes, so the "star" in his class was the best, despite the fact that even before the war amounted to a record speed of 160 km / h. In 1947, the "Star" newly redesigned and renamed it the "Star-2" in this form it and set another record. Classes are distributed as follows: Group I - cars with piston engines, class 1 - up to 250 cm3 Class 2 - 250-350 cm 3 Class 3 - 350-500 cm 3 Class 4 - 500-750 cm 3 class 5 - 750-1100 cm3 Class 6 - 1100 - 1500 cm3 Class 7 - Class 8 1500-2000 cm3 - cm3 2000-3000 Class 9 - 3000-5000 cm3 Class 10 - 5000-8000 cm3 Group VII - Class 1 electric - curb weight of 500 kg of Group VIII - cars with gas turbine engines class 1 - curb weight of 500 kg Class 2 - curb weight 500-1000 kg in 1948, an event occurred that affected the future course of development of building sports cars - the pilot GAZ Sokolov while trying to set a new speed record on the restored trophy Auto-Union lost control, resulting in an accident that killed several people. Authorities have banned the use of foreign vehicles in the competition in the USSR. But then again people in the kitchen discussing among themselves that the real reason was to avoid showing that win the war the country can not construct their own dregstery, thereby it shows its technical imperfections. Impact of the ban was the beginning of the Soviet era construction projects, sports cars. In 1952, the track went GAZ-TR made on the draft aviainzhenera A. Smolin. He rigged dregster turbojet engine from the aircraft MIG-17. At the time of arrival, he developed a maximum speed of 300 km / h, and if he were racing tires, it would develop more. However, he traveled briefly on one of the races as a result of the accident GAS-TP was badly damaged and left the sport. We return to the "stars" - the engineers replaced the engine on another volume of 342 cm3 and saved up in the stock motor in volume 368 cm3 to participate in another class, their power reached 58 and 61 liters. with. respectively, and the maximum speed - 230 km / h. This apparatus was named "Star of M-Us." Dynasty "Stars" lasted until the 6 th generation - the last modification of this car was built in 1957: a form of bodywork was extended and the frontal area is reduced. As the power plant was installed engine with 343 cm3, the machine was overclocked to 260 km / h. Star-6 "in 1958 and 1960 set a speed record in Class 1 (spare engine, which dregster could speak and in the 2 nd class, showed no record success). In the early 60's arrivals organizers felt that they lack the length of the tracks, cars could not really accelerate and stop, and the quality of our roads are not different evenness. Therefore, a new venue for the race of races chosen closed lake Baskunchak (Astrakhan region) - when it dries up, the surface on its bottom became flat due to the salt crust. The length of the new route was 13 000 meters, width - 8,000 meters. And although in 1963 it became impossible to hold races for three years on it was found 29 records. Furthermore, in these years has been assembled the world's first car with gas turbine engine - the Pioneer, which later also became a dynasty of several models. This sports car was created by an engineer Tikhomirov based on "Kiev-L1, a piston engine, it has been replaced by two turbines, located on both sides of the pilot, the total capacity reached 100 liters. with. at 50 000 rpm, and maximum speed - 303 km / h. Two years later, its capacity was increased to 35 liters. sec. and a maximum speed - 8 km / h. The car's weight could decrease due to the removal of some parts, making it fall into the class 1 and 2. The next refinement to increase its capacity to 160 liters. with. and speed - up to 400 km / h. For 11 years, from 1961 to 1972 and Tikhomirov established the "Pioneer" 13 records. Laboratory of fast cars Hadi presented their offspring - in 1962 there were two sports car, Hadi-3 and ZIS-112S-P. Hadi Y-3 has been low-profile body and fiberglass wheel, all without tires - its design speed was 220 km / h, but not fiberglass to withstand the pressure and the car was not able to set a record. A VMS-112S-R was equipped with a sleek fiberglass body. He took part in races of class 10 group I, since the motor ZIL-111 was the volume of 5980 cm3, power was 240 hp. sec. and a top speed - 260 km / h. However, this result was achieved on a longer distance than the allowed rules of racing. In 1965 engineers placed a car disc brakes and a 270-hp engine ZIL-114. On this machine from 1967 to 1970 had three-speed record at 500 meters from the start of a jerk. Rumor has it that this device is still involved in drag races, and his best figure - 112.6 kph (500 meters). In 1966 Hadi Hadi constructed-7 with a gas turbine engine, its capacity was 400 liters. with. at 45 000 rpm, and the estimated speed - 400 km / h, which, however, has not been achieved due to poor road surface and the short length of the runway. This car has four-record holder. A year later, there were two racing cars - C-3, and Hadi-8. In the first engineers have calculated the possibility to install 1.4 for motor cycles (three ESO-500 and an IZH-Jupiter), so he could speak in classes 5, 6 and 7, Group I, in each of the P-3 set a record. And the second - is equipped with supercharged engine project Siryatskogo capacity of 340 liters. with. (Class 7), as well as improved engine GAZ-21 with 160 hp. with. with the increased volume of 3185 cm3 (Class 9). Hadi-8 set two land speed record, but in 1971 was destroyed in an accident, and in 1972 he was reinstated, was named Hadi, 10. The first production car after the war, became a donor for a racing dregstera became Moskvich-412R. In 1972 he was presented with a lightweight sports car body, modified suspension, fuel tank capacity of 125 liters. One engine had been in volume 1478 cm3 (112 hp.. Class 6 Group I), and the second - 1840 cm3 (124 hp.., Class 7 Group I). Both engines shestnadtsatiklapannymi cylinder head and two carburetors Weber-40DCO. This car has set six records for the year. In the same year a new group of sports cars - electric cars. The first domestic record car was built on the basis of Hadi-5, he was named Hadi-11E. He had an electric motor receives recharge from eight silver-zinc batteries, its power was 10 kW, which is in conjugation with the low weight of 490 kg has allowed him to develop a speed of 145 km / h. And in 1976 a more advanced version, Hadi-13E weighing 360 kg, has a top speed to 265 km / h, and a year later he set three records. Paradoxically, many of these extinct stars have long gone to scrap, and some rust on the dusty old warehouses. For example, the "Pioneer" a miracle was given in one of Riga's museums. And we were only rare old photographs, which can be found on the Internet.
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