The car accelerated sharply and crashed into a barrier at a distance of several meters. From the strong collision hood turns into an accordion, the engine is included in the room, and the fact that a few seconds ago was a complete machine, now suitable only for remelting. The whole process of the collision is fixed camera. If you think that this chronicle of an accident - you are mistaken. It's not even shooting a film. This is a crash test, which traditionally precedes the conclusion of cars on the market for general consumers. How many cars broken before the model will be a stained-glass dealers, hard to calculate. But automakers loss is not considered, because the productive crash tests in the future will save the lives of thousands and millions of car owners. However, consumable items are not only cars but also mannequins. Such is the fate of these large dolls - perish in the name of the people. Date of first dummies for crash tests precisely known. It is believed that it was in the 30 years of the twentieth century. At that time, people began to change from horse to automobile transportation. Of course, the principle of driving they have different and speed too. People could not be reconstructed, and the number of victims scared of its growing trend. As a result, automotive minds of that time did not come up with anything better than to plant a car salon (just do not flinch) corpses and on them to check the degree of danger. The first dummy, most adapted to check the status of a person in collisions, designed for entirely different purposes. On the "Equator» XX century engineer Samuel Elderson created humanoid mechanism for testing ejection seats in aircraft. In order not to reinvent the wheel, this "dummy" began to be used by Ford and General Motors. Name of the first dummy ever entered the history of the automobile - Sierra Sam. When his capabilities and credibility of the data began to fail automakers, a new generation of dummies. At the time, it became clear - the test should be conducted on the dolls of different sizes. Therefore, designed a "family" of dummies - 77-pound "dad" Height 168 cm, and a lighter "mom", ten "son" and three "baby". Their motor ability to protect joints, and the results of crash tests were fixed with 44 sensors, mounted on mannequins. During his entire career, this "family" saved the lives of many people. However, even these advanced for the time dummies can not guarantee the maximum safety while driving future buyers. A revolutionary breakthrough in the prevention of injuries and fatalities occupants did the Swedes. Since then, Volvo cars have won the title the most secure and reliable. To strap kept at a given height, the engineers of the company's annual spend fantastic budgets for crash tests. Imagine the cost of one mannequin comes to 1,5 million SEK and such at Volvo Cars of more than 100. Company engineers have designed different dummies who just do not like each other as real people. Into account not only age but also build, sex. Today, the "family" of dummies Volvo Cars 19 dolls: 8 "adults" and 11 "children". Interestingly, the "baby" weighs only 3 pounds, like a real baby. To bring the situation to the real and follow all the "pain" points during the collision, mannequins have given a hundred points to assess the impact of the impact forces on the head, neck, back, chest, thighs and legs. Interestingly, the puppet spine to the smallest detail corresponds to a human. Not all Swedish mannequins are the same. Some "work" in a frontal collision, the other - on the side, and others regularly exposed to a rear impact. After assessing the injuries of victims rebuild. Caring hands of specialists from the Centre for Security Volvo give new life to the doll-fighters, raising them to new crash tests. In the language of professionals is called recalibration. Before the new challenges of the dummies is tested for readiness. They undergo a comprehensive review and adjustment in a special shop. Each of the dolls have their own heroic story. Preparing them to crash tests, experts attach to the torso numerous mechanical gauges and real-time tracking of forces on the dummy, and the distribution of impact energy during a collision. Then translate it all into the human plane, analyze what the load can withstand a living organism. The task of specialists - find the border, where security ends in a collision and there is a real threat to the health and lives. With the development of information technology to the aid of mechanical dummies come to virtual. Crash tests simulate the computer programs. This allows twice as much work aimed at preserving the lives of young motorists. More recently, in 2007, was built a new type of dummies - doll pregnant woman. This wonderful and timely idea came to the University of British engineers to Loughborough. Expectant mothers even while waiting for the baby do not leave with the car. Creators machines were responsible for two lives at once. Therefore, the program crash made adjustments. During the collision specialists assess risks to the woman and baby. His simulates capsule filled with liquid in abdomen. The results of the work - the creation of safety-belt-oriented features of shape women who are awaiting the birth of new life. Science does not stand still. Automotive engineers are constantly working hard to make our stay in the car as safely as possible. But, unfortunately, they are not magicians, and much depends on us. Do not push the wheel of emergency situations, be collected and carefully, never to feel the fact that experience a mannequin during a crash test.
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