The appointment of any spark - to give the fire. If this candle wax, fire, accompanied by light, if the aroma - the smell. A fire, which give rise to spark plugs and ignition, produces bursts of the working mixture in engine cylinders. And to these explosions ensure smooth functioning of the engine, rather than destroying it, one must time the diagnosis of "diseased" candle, which can be a source of considerable trouble. Diesel engines in cars have long ceased to be a rarity. Many companies offer such cars and jeeps as the basic version. A lot of "diesel" carted peregonschiki. But nothing of light trucks, mini vans and venah generally say no. And if there are cars, so there may be a problem. Much of the engine can tell you glow, you just have to understand their "language". We need a "translator", and his role will perform Bonrat Patrick, director of educational and technical center of NGK Europe. On his account a lot of seminars held in Russia for car care professionals dedicated to the diagnosis of power systems and engine ignition, spark plugs and glow plugs. One of the major technical indicators glow in determining its efficiency, are warm to operating temperature of 900 ° C. For a dynamic car is clearly not fit 30-second candle, and diesel "transit" not necessarily "implanted" a 5-second spark plug, especially considering its price. The company NGK, for example, produces 7 types of candles, different time of preheat: Standard Type - the normal time of 30 s; Fast Heating Type - «shortened" mode - 16 s; QGS (Quick Glow System) - «ultra" mode - 9; SRM (Self Regulating Metal) - Warm-silver electrode - 5; QGS Ceramic Type - «ultrashort" mode ceramic candle - 3; SR Ceramic Type - Std ceramic candle - 3-4 with; HTC High Temperature Ceramic - high-temperature ceramic Candle 1050 ° C. Choosing one or another type of candle, you have to be extremely picky in choosing the manufacturer. Why? The answer to this question is connected with the construction of spark plugs. As the heating element is used spiral, like the one which exists in ordinary light bulb. The only difference is that the spiral candle heats unevenly: the end-windings are heated more strongly, the central portion of the helix acts as a kind of battery pack heat. To spiral turns are not touching each other, causing a short circuit, overheating and destruction, the inner cavity is filled with candles dioxide, magnesium, ground to a state of dust. The material is not cheap, and can use it only to large manufacturers. "Left" candles are "spoon fed" anything. We now give the floor to a specialist company NGK Europe: - We've seen the candles that were released in China and "disguised" under our products. Inside turned out flour, chalk, fine sand The ground - everything that came as "master" arm. Moreover, I was holding a candle, in which there were no filler. Served for it, of course, less than a minute. The second problem - the humidity of the filler. He must be completely dry. If the candles are done "on the knee, the problem of drying filler nobody does. When heated, the candles or oil turns water into steam, which expands, tearing the tip of a candle inside. Familiarity with the "disease" glow plugs start with a look of normal candles, designed for installation in modern diesel engines of passenger cars, SUVs and light trucks (photo 1). Metal casing should not be damaged, color the tip - black. It is possible manifestation of signs of welding the hull and tip. We should pay attention to the condition mounting thread. The next step - proper installation candles in jack. Diameter of modern glow plugs 8-12 mm, and even a slight excess force when turning can lead to rupture of the body. On photo 2 shows just such a classic failure body candles because of its strong torque in the nest. Before applying power to the brittle shell candle stands to look into the recommendations of the manufacturer, which has always given torque candles in the nest. If a strong blow the candles may shaking spiral coils which contact occurs interturn closure and, consequently, the melting of the tip (photo 3). A sharp tip localized overheating, resulting in inflated tube filament (left). Then, the housing meltdown, and the heating coil hung from the cracked tube (right). Short circuit between the tubular body glow plugs and the coil by the presence of oil in the insulating powder or complete lack of insulating filler - the phenomenon is extremely rare and generally indicates that you have in your hands - a fake candle, born in the depths of the Chinese co-op (photo 4) . And here the destruction of the body candle was due to too high a temperature in the combustion chamber (photo 5). One possible reason - "creativity" tankers, adding in diluted diesel fuel flammable liquids. This damage is caused by feeding on the candle properly regulated voltage. The destruction of the spark was due to excessively high voltage heating coil (photo 6). Soot deposits on the spark - a consequence of constant low-grade fuel and fueling violations in the exhaust system (photo 7). Excess soot and combustion products settles on the body, greatly reducing the effectiveness of the candles. But there is another reason that causes rapid destruction of the candle and its premature failure. Patrick believes that as long as Russia does not appear normal diesel fuel, it would be a real Klondike for manufacturers and suppliers of candles. The service life of the candles in our conditions is several times less than their "sisters" who work in Europe. So if we got into the "spark plug" of the case, let's turn out at the same time and spark plugs. Not in my car, because someone's neighbor. Experienced professional, carefully examining them, can tell a lot. The color of an insulator and as the body is easy to understand how the engine is running. Specialists say the company NGK Europe: - Before we get to the diagnosis of the engine, a few words that have to "tolerate" the spark plugs. The optimum temperature for combustion of the working mixture in the range 500-850 ° C. The candle has to work with huge thermal and electrical loads - it is only in recent decades they have "lost weight" almost doubled with the increased engine power. So, take the hands of a new candle and carefully consider this the "standard". Insulator color - bright, white, or blue (photo 8). And here's what a candle glow in the ignition or detonation combustion of fuel (Photo 9). The reason for this state were the adverse operating conditions or too cold heat rating number (photo 10). In mechanically worn engines from the spark plug deposits appear conducive to the glow plugs (11). Damage to the ceramic insulator for mechanical reasons (assembly, transportation, stroke) or due to heat shock (photo 12). White-gray color of the insulator, and minor deposits are due to driving on gasoline with high content of iron compounds. This affects the Russian, Chinese and Polish varieties of gasoline (photo 13). Normal color change to brown due to deposition of electrically charged particles of oil is not an indication of the presence of malfunction or leakage. On Zetec engines recommended replacement high-voltage wires. Such conductive deposits of soot and metallic microparticles cause leakage of the ignition voltage (photo 14). Electrical breakdown in the body due to moisture or contamination cylinder heads and landing slots candles (photo 15). And finally, my heart calms down view of an absolutely normal spark plugs with iridium electrode. Leonid Kruglov 5-2006
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